Portugese Republic

Portugal began its colonial activities by conquering Morocco in the 15th century, which continued into the 20th century. It thus earned the title of Europe's first and last colonial empire. Portugal once had a huge colonial empire that stretched from the African coast to the area near the Cape of Good Hope, but at some point, it had to hand over this empire to several powers, including the United States. Of course, to sustain such a large-scale and long-term colonial operation, Portugal had to have a very strong political, cultural, and military structure.

Actual colonization in Africa was a slow and complex process that began and ended with violent conflicts, so-called peace movements in the 1890s, and wars of liberation in the 1960s and 1970s. In Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe, the Portuguese introduced numerous forms of formal government based on political, military, and religious structures. These forms of regulation affected and affected local communities in different ways. But until the end, forced labor and tax extortion, racism, dictatorship, and economic exploitation were the basis of Portuguese colonialism in Africa.